Cognitive models emphasise the importance of attentional bias in addiction.However, many attentional bias tasks have been criticised for questionable psychometric properties and inability to differentiate between engagement and disengagement processes.This study Garden therefore examined the suitability of two alternative tasks for assessing attent

Piling is a behavior in laying hens whereby individuals aggregate in larger densities than would be normally expected.When piling behavior leads to mortalities it is known as smothering and its frequent but unpredictable occurrence is a major concern for many egg producers.There are generally considered to be three types of piling: panic, nest box

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are two of the most prevalent mood disorders that seriously jeopardize both physical and mental health.The current diagnosis of MDD and BD spices relies primarily on clinical symptoms.However, correctly differentiating between MDD and BD during depressive episode states remains a substantial

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic microorganism often found in animal-derived foods and is known for its Nocks ability to readily develop resistance to antibiotic treatments.This study was designed to determine the prevalence of S.aureus strains in raw milk and meat in Italy and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance profiles and biofilm produ

Traditional surface disinfectants that have long been applied in medicine, animal husbandry, manufacturing and institutions are inconvenient at best and dangerous at worst.Moreover, some of these substances have adverse environmental impacts: for example, quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") are reproductive toxicants in both fish and mammals.Ha